Adaptation of the spiders to the environment: the case of some Chilean species

Frontiers in Physiology
Mauricio CanalsRigoberto Solís

Abstract

Spiders are small arthropods that have colonized terrestrial environments. These impose three main problems: (i) terrestrial habitats have large fluctuations in temperature and humidity; (ii) the internal concentration of water is higher than the external environment in spiders, which exposes them continually to water loss; and (iii) their small body size determines a large surface/volume ratio, affecting energy exchange and influencing the life strategy. In this review we focus on body design, energetic, thermal selection, and water balance characteristics of some spider species present in Chile and correlate our results with ecological and behavioral information. Preferred temperatures and critical temperatures of Chilean spiders vary among species and individuals and may be adjusted by phenotypic plasticity. For example in the mygalomorph high-altitude spider Paraphysa parvula the preferred temperature is similar to that of the lowland spider Grammostola rosea; but while P. parvula shows phenotypic plasticity, G. rosea does not. The araneomorph spiders Loxosceles laeta and Scytodes globula have greater daily variations in preferred temperatures at twilight and during the night, which are set to the nocturnal activity rhythms...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 29, 2016·Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology·Anke Schmitz
Apr 18, 2020·Die Naturwissenschaften·Sabrina Clavijo-BaquetFernando Pérez-Miles
Dec 20, 2019·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Felipe TapiaOliver Schmachtenberg

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