Adaptation to low parasite abundance affects immune investment and immunopathological responses of cavefish.

Nature Ecology & Evolution
Robert PeußNicolas Rohner

Abstract

Reduced parasitic infection rates in the developed world are suspected to underlie the rising prevalence of autoimmune disorders. However, the long-term evolutionary consequences of decreased parasite exposure on an immune system are not well understood. We used the Mexican tetra Astyanax mexicanus to understand how loss of parasite diversity influences the evolutionary trajectory of the vertebrate immune system, by comparing river with cave morphotypes. Here, we present field data affirming a strong reduction in parasite diversity in the cave ecosystem, and show that cavefish immune cells display a more sensitive pro-inflammatory response towards bacterial endotoxins. Surprisingly, other innate cellular immune responses, such as phagocytosis, are drastically decreased in cavefish. Using two independent single-cell approaches, we identified a shift in the overall immune cell composition in cavefish as the underlying cellular mechanism, indicating strong differences in the immune investment strategy. While surface fish invest evenly into the innate and adaptive immune systems, cavefish shifted immune investment to the adaptive immune system, and here, mainly towards specific T-cell populations that promote homeostasis. Additiona...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 21, 2021·Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease·Helen G PottsMathilda T M Mommersteeg
Mar 18, 2021·Developmental Cell·Luke OlsenNicolas Rohner
Aug 3, 2021·Trends in Genetics : TIG·Emily A BeckJohn H Postlethwait
Aug 5, 2021·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Milan Vrtílek, Daniel I Bolnick

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GSE128306

Methods Mentioned

BETA
scRNA-seq
PCR
FACS
flow cytometry
transgenic
scRNA sequencing
dissection
RNA-seq
activated cell sorter

Software Mentioned

Cell Ranger pipeline
cellranger
Image3C
Google Earth
mkfastq
STAR aligner
R package slingshot
R package Seurat
Graph Pad Prism
QuantStudio Real - Time PCR

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