Addressing Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) in the Era of Clitoral Reconstruction: Plastic Surgery

Current Sexual Health Reports
Hannes Sigurjonsson, Malin Jordal

Abstract

The aim of this review is to give an overview of the recent evidence on clitoral reconstruction and other relevant reconstructive plastic surgery measures after female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). Recent publications present refinements and modifications of the surgical technique of clitoral reconstruction along with reconstruction of the labia majora and clitoral hood. Novel approaches with reposition of the clitoral nerve, anchoring of the labia majora, fat grafting, and full thickness mucosa grafts have been introduced. The current evidence on outcomes of clitoral reconstruction shows potential benefits. However, there is a risk of postoperative complications and a negative outcome. Experts in the field advocate for a multidisciplinary approach including psychosexual counseling and health education with or without subsequent clitoral reconstructive surgery. The evolution of reconstructive treatment for women with FGM/C is expanding, however at a slow rate. The scarcity of evidence on clitoral reconstruction halters availability of clinical guidelines and consensus regarding best practice. Clitoral reconstruction should be provided by multidisciplinary referral centers in a research setting with long-term follow-up on ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 12, 2019·Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health·Angela DawsonGabriele Marranci
Jul 28, 2020·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Georgios PaslakisGemma Mestre-Bach
Jun 17, 2020·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open·Catherine CalvertIvona Percec
Feb 24, 2021·The Journal of Sexual Medicine·Andy-Muller NzingaJeanne Bertuit
Apr 13, 2021·Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare : Official Journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives·Valeria AuricchioMassimo Franchi

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
dissection
cesarean section

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