Addressing the Fentanyl Analogue Epidemic by Multiplex UHPLC-MS/MS Analysis of Whole Blood

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Marianne Skov-Skov BerghÅse Marit Leere Øiestad

Abstract

Fentanyl and fentanyl analogues (fentanyls) are very potent opioids posing a serious threat to the public health. Thousands of overdose deaths across the world are caused by fentanyls, and the numbers are increasing. Rapid mapping of current trends in opioid abuse is necessary to accelerate preventive measures. To ensure this, there is a need for sensitive targeted multiplex MS/MS methods to pinpoint drugs of abuse. We present a fully validated UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of 26 fentanyls, including several structural isomers, and the opioid antagonist naloxone in human whole blood. Blood samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and heptane. The fentanyls were separated with UHPLC, using a Kinetex biphenyl column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 µm; Phenomenex, Verløse, Denmark) with an acidic mobile phase. Quantification was performed by MS/MS. The method was validated according to SWGTOX guidelines. The developed method could successfully separate all 27 analytes, including 7 isomers, and was validated according to SWGTOX guidelines with very low limits of quantification (4-20 pg/mL). The applicability of the method was demonstrated by determination of fentanyls in postmortem blood samples from 2 cas...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 23, 2019·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Piotr F J LipińskiJoanna Sadlej
Jan 4, 2020·Drug Testing and Analysis·Hallvard GjerdeVigdis Vindenes
Feb 27, 2019·Therapeutic Drug Monitoring·Marianne Skov-Skov BerghÅse Marit Leere Øiestad
Dec 2, 2020·Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods·Benedicte JørgenrudThomas Berg
Oct 7, 2021·Psychopharmacology·Marianne Skov-Skov BerghMichael H Baumann

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