Adenylate Cyclase Toxin promotes bacterial internalisation into non phagocytic cells

Scientific Reports
César MartínHelena Ostolaza

Abstract

Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough, a respiratory infectious disease that is the fifth largest cause of vaccine-preventable death in infants. Though historically considered an extracellular pathogen, this bacterium has been detected both in vitro and in vivo inside phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. However the precise mechanism used by B. pertussis for cell entry, or the putative bacterial factors involved, are not fully elucidated. Here we find that adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT), one of the important toxins of B. pertussis, is sufficient to promote bacterial internalisation into non-phagocytic cells. After characterization of the entry route we show that uptake of "toxin-coated bacteria" proceeds via a clathrin-independent, caveolae-dependent entry pathway, allowing the internalised bacteria to survive within the cells. Intracellular bacteria were found inside non-acidic endosomes with high sphingomyelin and cholesterol content, or "free" in the cytosol of the invaded cells, suggesting that the ACT-induced bacterial uptake may not proceed through formation of late endolysosomes. Activation of Tyr kinases and toxin-induced Ca(2+)-influx are essential for the entry process. We hypothesize that B. pertussis might use A...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 12, 2017·Toxins·Nicole Guiso
Nov 23, 2017·Medical Microbiology and Immunology·Dorji DorjiTrilochan K Mukkur
Jun 8, 2017·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Rachid A El-Aouar FilhoNadia Berkova
Dec 18, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Julien MambuAgnès Wiedemann
Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Maria DudãuMihail E Hinescu
Apr 22, 2021·Open Forum Infectious Diseases·Kjersti OppenLars Heggelund

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron microscopy
confocal microscopy

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