Adiponectin and Orexin-A as a Potential Immunity Link Between Adipose Tissue and Central Nervous System

Frontiers in Physiology
Rita PolitoGiovanni Messina

Abstract

Adipose tissue (AT) is strongly associated with development and progression of immune disorders through adipokines secretion, such as adiponectin. This protein has beneficial energetic properties and is involved in inflammation and immunity processes. Three oligomers of circulating adiponectin with different molecular weight are described: High (HMW), Medium (MMW), and Low (LMW). The HMW is the most biologically active oligomers. On binding to its receptors AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin, adiponectin acts on both innate and acquired immunity. The suppression of NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages is mediated by AdipoR1. AdipoR2 mediates polarization of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages T-cadherin is essential for the M2 macrophage proliferation. Furthermore, adiponectin reduces T cells responsiveness and B cells lymphopoiesis. The immune system is very sensitive to environmental changes and it is not only interconnected with AT but also with the central nervous system (CNS). Cytokines, which are mediators of the immune system, exercise control over mediators of the CNS. Microglia, which are immunity cells belonging to the macrophage family, are present within the CNS. The nervous system is ...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 12, 2020·Frontiers in Public Health·Philip B Maffetone, Paul B Laursen
May 7, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Vincenzo MondaGiovanni Messina
Aug 6, 2020·Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy·Vincenzo MondaGiovanni Messina
Oct 28, 2019·Diabetes/metabolism Research and Reviews·Ernest AdeghateSaif Abdo Qahtan
Oct 22, 2020·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Anna ValenzanoRita Polito
Dec 10, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Rita PolitoMaria Rosaria Rizzo
Dec 15, 2020·International Journal of Endocrinology·Ersilia NigroAurora Daniele
Feb 16, 2021·Frontiers in Physiology·Md Sahab UddinMd Shah Amran
Aug 11, 2021·Lipids in Health and Disease·Bai RuiyangFu Siqi
Aug 28, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Rita PolitoVincenzo Monda
Aug 28, 2021·Brain Sciences·Maria Ester La TorreChiara Porro

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