Adjusting bone mass for differences in projected bone area and other confounding variables: an allometric perspective

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
A M NevillJoseph T F Lau

Abstract

The traditional method of assessing bone mineral density (BMD; given by bone mineral content [BMC] divided by projected bone area [Ap], BMD = BMC/Ap) has come under strong criticism by various authors. Their criticism being that the projected bone "area" (Ap) will systematically underestimate the skeletal bone "volume" of taller subjects. To reduce the confounding effects of bone size, an alternative ratio has been proposed called bone mineral apparent density [BMAD = BMC/(Ap)3/2]. However, bone size is not the only confounding variable associated with BMC. Others include age, sex, body size, and maturation. To assess the dimensional relationship between BMC and projected bone area, independent of other confounding variables, we proposed and fitted a proportional allometric model to the BMC data of the L2-L4 vertebrae from a previously published study. The projected bone area exponents were greater than unity for both boys (1.43) and girls (1.02), but only the boy's fitted exponent was not different from that predicted by geometric similarity (1.5). Based on these exponents, it is not clear whether bone mass acquisition increases in proportion to the projected bone area (Ap) or an estimate of projected bone volume (Ap)3/2. Howe...Continue Reading

References

Feb 1, 1992·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·D R CarterR Marcus
Jan 1, 1992·American Journal of Diseases of Children·C M WhiteW J Klish
Sep 1, 1991·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·J P BonjourR Rizzoli
Dec 1, 1991·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·D K KatzmanR Marcus
Apr 1, 1995·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·D R TaaffeR Marcus
May 1, 1995·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·D TeegardenC M Weaver
Jul 1, 1995·British Journal of Rheumatology·D J TorgersonD M Reid
Jan 1, 1995·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·T L RobinsonR Marcus
Oct 1, 1994·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·D L NicholsN M DiMarco
Sep 1, 1994·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·P W LuC T Cowell
Sep 1, 1995·Journal of Applied Physiology·A M Nevill, R L Holder
Sep 1, 1997·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·F L MorrisJ D Wark
Apr 16, 1998·Journal of Applied Physiology·A M NevillD A Jones
Sep 11, 1998·Journal of Orthopaedic Science : Official Journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association·H M Frost
Jul 18, 2000·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·M Lehtonen-VeromaaJ Viikari
Aug 19, 2000·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·A D Stewart, J Hannan
Dec 8, 2000·Annals of Human Biology·A M Nevill, R L Holder

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 6, 2010·Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·H-S NamUNKNOWN Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group
Jul 9, 2010·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Dominique N LongEmily L Germain-Lee
Mar 7, 2007·Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·A B AraujoJ B McKinlay
Nov 11, 2011·Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·M GahlotM Kalaivani
Nov 13, 2012·Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism·Hae-Sung NamJane A Cauley
Feb 12, 2008·Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : JIDR·M GuijarroJ A Riancho
Sep 6, 2007·Journal of Sports Sciences·Melonie BurrowsBob Ward
Sep 17, 2004·Journal of Sports Sciences·Alan NevillArthur Stewart
Nov 13, 2004·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·Jon M BurnhamMary B Leonard
Dec 8, 2007·Pediatric Blood & Cancer·Sue C Kaste
Feb 14, 2008·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·David Karasik, Douglas P Kiel
Dec 14, 2005·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Lukhanyo H NyatiJohn M Pettifor
Dec 22, 2005·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Alan M NevillRoger L Holder
Oct 3, 2003·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Alan M NevillDavid Simpson
Apr 8, 2006·Pediatric Blood & Cancer·Sue C KasteLaura D Carbone
Jul 11, 2002·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Anne C Looker
Mar 1, 2006·Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism·Stefano Mora
Jun 4, 2008·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Ricardo F CapozzaJosé Luis Ferretti
Nov 10, 2005·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Robert D MurrayStephen M Shalet
Jul 28, 2004·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Mary B LeonardBabette S Zemel

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Journal of Clinical Densitometry : the Official Journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry
G N RaoD A Nelson
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
D R CarterR Marcus
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
S KhoslaL J Melton
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
D R Carter, T E Orr
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved