Adjusting for bias due to incomplete case ascertainment in case-control studies of birth defects

American Journal of Epidemiology
Penelope P HowardsNational Birth Defects Prevention Study

Abstract

Case-control studies of birth defects might be subject to selection bias when there is incomplete ascertainment of cases among pregnancies that are terminated after a prenatal diagnosis of the defect. We propose a simple method to estimate inverse probability of selection weights (IPSWs) for cases ascertained from both pregnancies that end in termination and those that do not end in termination using data directly available from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and other published information. The IPSWs can then be used to adjust for selection bias analytically. We can also allow for uncertainty in the selection probabilities through probabilistic bias analysis. We provide an illustrative example using data from National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2009) to examine the association between prepregnancy obesity (body mass index, measured as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared, of ≥30 vs. <30) and spina bifida. The unadjusted odds ratio for the association between prepregnancy obesity and spina bifida was 1.48 (95% confidence interval: 1.26, 1.73), and the simple selection bias-adjusted odds ratio was 1.26 (95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.53). The probabilistic bias analysis resulted in a m...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 15, 2015·Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology·Helen Dolk
Nov 29, 2016·Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology·Stacy M PettigrewUNKNOWN and the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
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Jul 20, 2019·Birth Defects Research·Nelson D PaceUNKNOWN National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Apr 7, 2020·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·Dominique HeinkeUNKNOWN National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Dec 29, 2020·International Journal of Epidemiology·Andreas M NeophytouJoan A Casey
Feb 20, 2021·Birth Defects Research·Candice Y JohnsonUNKNOWN National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Apr 22, 2021·International Journal of Epidemiology·Julie M PetersenMatthew P Fox
Aug 14, 2021·Annals of Epidemiology·Jennifer DunneGavin Pereira
Sep 11, 2021·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Weeberb J RequiaJoel D Schwartz

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Birth Defects

Birth defects encompass structural and functional alterations that occur during embryonic or fetal development and are present since birth. The cause may be genetic, environmental or unknown and can result in physical and/or mental impairment. Here is the latest research on birth defects.