PMID: 6972989Apr 1, 1981Paper

Adjuvant polyarthritis. V. Induction by N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, the smallest peptide subunit of bacterial peptidoglycan

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
Y H ChangL Chedid

Abstract

N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), an apparently nonimmunogenic bacterial peptidoglycan-derived small peptide, was found to induce a polyarthritis the rat similar to that induced by Freund's complete adjuvant when injected in the form of an oil emulsion. An oil emulsion of its isomer, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-L-isoglutamine, which unlike MDP has no immunostimulatory activity, failed to induce the disease.

References

Nov 1, 1977·Arthritis and Rheumatism·Y H Chang, W Hoffman
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Citations

Jan 1, 1983·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·M E Billingham
Jan 1, 1990·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·K M Williams
Dec 1, 1990·Immunological Reviews·R HolmdahlJ A Mo
Apr 1, 1995·Immunological Reviews·R HolmdahlU Brunsberg
Sep 16, 2003·Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases·E SimelyteP Toivanen
Nov 30, 2000·Arthritis Research·U Müller-Ladner, K Nishioka
Nov 30, 2000·Arthritis Research·R Holmdahl
Nov 1, 1982·Arthritis and Rheumatism·Y Iizuka, Y H Chang
Jan 1, 1985·Toxicologic Pathology·J E GrayR D Hamilton
Apr 1, 1984·Medicinal Research Reviews·A Adam, E Lederer

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Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan (also called murein), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by unusual peptides containing D-amino acids. Here is the latest research on bacterial cell wall structures.

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