Advances in Antiviral Therapies Targeting Toll-like Receptors

Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs
Masaud ShahSangdun Choi

Abstract

Organisms have evolved a rapid and non-specific way to defend themselves via Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize specific signatures present on invading microbes and viruses. Once detected, these receptors flood the cell with cytokines and IFNs that not only help to eradicate the invading viruses but also activate the adaptive immune response. Owing to difficulties in viral detection, a whole class of TLRs is dedicated to sensing viral nucleic acids, while other TLRs detect viral coat proteins and aid in establishing antiviral immunity. To protect humans better, TLRs and their downstream mediators can be used as potential drug targets, which can be either activated or inhibited, to counter viral infections. The current review focuses on TLR-targeting investigational drugs developed to treat viral diseases and virus-induced complications. TLRs are a good choice for eradicating viral infections because they can fine-tune the immune response. However, TLRs should be exploited carefully, as there have been instances where their activation has led to unwanted responses in terms of both immune and viral activation. Therefore, more focus should be placed on novel drugs that can induce significant and long-term immunity, while ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 2, 2018·Journal of Immunology Research·Lifang Zhao, Zhaoying Fu
Jul 3, 2019·Reviews in Medical Virology·Rana Jahanban-EsfahlanSamira Shirooie
Sep 10, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Beatriz SuarezPuri Fortes
Mar 4, 2021·Chinese Medical Journal·Shouxiong HuangLinfu Zhou
Dec 12, 2020·The European Respiratory Journal·Jason GirkinNathan W Bartlett
Sep 30, 2021·Microbiology Spectrum·Kun HuangMeilin Jin

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