Abstract
Since 2009, more than 140 different synthetic cannabinoids (SC) have been identified in herbal mixtures consumed as recreational drugs. Knowledge of the acute toxicity of each individual compound remains sparse. Here we present a retrospective observational case series of patients presenting to emergency departments with analytically confirmed intake of JWH-210 as the only SC detected in serum samples. Cases were selected from a poison centre database from March 2011 to June 2014. In total, 22 patients were included (aged 12-25 years, median 17.5; 18 males 4 female). JWH-210 was identified in the serum samples in concentrations ranging from 0.18 to 90 ng/mL. Tachycardia, nausea, somnolence, hypokalemia, hypertension, restlessness, and/or agitation were most frequently reported. Diplopia, seizures, syncope, and ECG changes such as T-wave inversion and bradycardia were also noted. Acute adverse effects of JWH-210 typically include central nervous system depression or cerebral seizures, but also signs of sympathomimetic toxicity. Nausea was reported in 80% and typically shows a sudden onset shortly after inhalation, suggesting a central nervous effect possibly mediated by CB1 receptors. Cardiovascular effects are reported in up to...Continue Reading
References
Jul 10, 1998·Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology·H E PerssonJ Pronczuk de Garbino
Dec 8, 2004·Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry·John W HuffmanBilly R Martin
Jan 15, 2008·Addiction·Alan W JonesFredrik C Kugelberg
Nov 17, 2010·Pharmacological Reviews·R G PertweeR A Ross
Jul 12, 2011·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Joshua SimmonsCarl Skinner
Aug 11, 2011·British Journal of Pharmacology·E M RockL A Parker
Oct 5, 2011·The American Journal of Psychiatry·Donald HurstRobert McLay
Oct 6, 2011·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·J LapointJ H Moran
Nov 9, 2011·Pediatrics·Arshid MirColin Kane
Jan 28, 2012·Journal of Mass Spectrometry : JMS·M HutterV Auwärter
May 26, 2012·The American Journal of the Medical Sciences·Sadip PantGerson A Teran
Jul 14, 2012·Journal of Mass Spectrometry : JMS·Stefan Kneisel, Volker Auwärter
Aug 4, 2012·Human & Experimental Toxicology·M B ForresterA Young
Sep 14, 2012·Addiction·Maren Hermanns-ClausenVolker Auwärter
Oct 2, 2012·Pediatric Emergency Care·Mathias B Forrester
Apr 24, 2013·Journal of Addiction Medicine·Nicholas NaccaJeanna Marraffa
May 23, 2013·Drug Testing and Analysis·Maren Hermanns-ClausenVolker Auwärter
Sep 28, 2013·Life Sciences·Jenny L WileyJohn W Huffman
Nov 12, 2013·Neurology·Melissa J FreemanW Scott Burgin
Dec 18, 2013·British Journal of Pharmacology·Christopher Stanley, Saoirse E O'Sullivan
Dec 24, 2013·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·James B MowryMarsha Ford
Jan 24, 2014·The New England Journal of Medicine·Andrew A MonteEric J Lavonas
Aug 22, 2014·Biomolecules & Therapeutics·Hye Jin ChaHo-Sang Jeong
Sep 16, 2014·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Marisol S CastanetoMarilyn A Huestis
Jan 7, 2015·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·James B MowryMarsha Ford
Feb 6, 2015·Journal of Medical Toxicology : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology·Alison M DinesPaul I Dargan
Mar 5, 2015·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Solfrid HegstadOlav Spigset
Jun 1, 2013·Clinical Kidney Journal·Amir Kazory, Ravi Aiyer
Sep 13, 2015·Circulation·Michela Faggioni, Björn C Knollmann
Citations
Jun 4, 2016·Journal of Medical Toxicology : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology·Milana ZaurovaAlex F Manini
Jul 19, 2016·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·Laura Mercolini, Michele Protti
Jul 16, 2016·ACS Chemical Neuroscience·Samuel D BanisterMichael Kassiou
Sep 18, 2016·Journal of Medical Toxicology : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology·Matilda BäckbergAnders Helander
Aug 10, 2016·Drug Testing and Analysis·Florian FranzVolker Auwärter
Oct 26, 2016·Analytical Chemistry·Annelies CannaertChristophe P Stove
Apr 14, 2017·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Odd Martin VallersnesKnut Erik Hovda
Jun 29, 2017·Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society·Anna KrohmerBela Szabo
Oct 27, 2017·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Maren Hermanns-ClausenVolker Auwärter
Feb 7, 2018·Case Reports in Emergency Medicine·David HakimianSarah Israel
May 3, 2019·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Sebastian HalterVolker Auwärter
Sep 15, 2017·Nature Reviews. Cardiology·Pal PacherGeorge Kunos
Apr 26, 2019·Drug Testing and Analysis·Elise WoutersChristophe Stove
Sep 7, 2016·Toxicology Research·Jaesuk YunYoung-Hoon Kim
Nov 9, 2018·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Libor UttlTomáš Páleníček
Nov 19, 2019·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Sabrine BilelMatteo Marti
Dec 19, 2019·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Laura OrsoliniFabrizio Schifano
Apr 23, 2017·Current Atherosclerosis Reports·Emilie JouanjusValérie Wolff
Jun 2, 2020·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Koby CohenAviv Weinstein
Jan 15, 2019·Forensic Toxicology·Verena AngererVolker Auwärter
Jul 4, 2020·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Piotr Adamowicz
Dec 15, 2016·World Journal of Emergency Medicine·Baki DoganKemal Balci
Dec 17, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Nunzia La MaidaEmilia Marchei
Dec 30, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Wonyoung LeeHyun-Ju Park
Mar 14, 2021·Legal Medicine·Pinar Efeoglu OzsekerFehiman Efeoglu
Mar 17, 2021·Clinical & Experimental Optometry : Journal of the Australian Optometrical Association·Valérie Proulx, Benoit Tousignant
Dec 19, 2021·International Journal of Legal Medicine·Franziska Gaunitz, Hilke Andresen-Streichert