Adverse effects of doping with anabolic androgenic steroids in competitive athletics, recreational sports and bodybuilding

Minerva endocrinologica
Elena Vorona, Eberhard Nieschlag

Abstract

Despite the fact that sports organizations and legislators have introduced various mechanisms to discourage athletes from using performance and appearance enhancing substances a high percentage of athletes admits to their unabated application. In competitive athletics, bodybuilding and in recreational sports anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) continue to be the substances most abused. This review summarizes the side effects of AAS abuse on organs and system functions in both sexes. High doses of AAS cause a significant increase of erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration, which may lead to thromboembolism, intracardiac thrombosis and stroke. Long-term AAS abusers have a higher incidence of arrhythmias, atherosclerosis, concentric left-ventricular myocardial hypertrophy with impaired diastolic function and also sudden cardiac death. Changes of liver function and structure, up to hepatocellular carcinoma, have been described, mainly in cases of chronic misuse of 17α-alkylated AAS. Sleeplessness, increased irritability, depressive mood status are often observed in AAS abuse. In former AAS abusers depression, anxiety and melancholy may persist for many years. Due to negative feedback in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 28, 2020·Curēus·Jamal C PerryIvan Cancarevic
Aug 7, 2021·Medicina·Walied AlbakerMohammed Al-Hariri
Feb 11, 2021·Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research·Michelle T LeeSalim S Virani
Sep 30, 2021·BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation·Ameen Mosleh AlmohammadiTurki Talal Enani
Oct 29, 2021·Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity·Morgan Scarth, Astrid Bjørnebekk
Feb 8, 2020·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Nandini Shankara-NarayanaDavid J Handelsman
Jan 8, 2022·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Jessica L SharpMark A Smith

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