PMID: 18203914Jan 22, 2008Paper

Adverse effects of sodium chloride on bone in the aging human population resulting from habitual consumption of typical American diets

The Journal of Nutrition
Lynda A FrassettoAnthony Sebastian

Abstract

A typical American diet contains amounts of sodium chloride far above evolutionary norms and potassium far below those norms. It also contains larger amounts of foods that are metabolized to noncarbonic acids than to organic bases. At baseline, in a steady state, diets that contain substantial sodium chloride and diets that are net acid producing each independently induce and sustain increased acidity of body fluid. With increasing age, the kidney's ability to excrete daily net acid loads declines, invoking homeostatically increased utilization of base stores (bone, skeletal muscle) on a daily basis to mitigate the otherwise increasing baseline metabolic acidosis, which results in increased calciuria and net losses of body calcium. Those effects of net acid production and its attendant increased body fluid acidity may contribute to development of osteoporosis and renal stones, loss of muscle mass, and age-related renal insufficiency. The inverted ratio of potassium to sodium in the diet compared with preagricultural diets affects cardiovascular function adversely and contributes to hypertension and stroke. The diet can return to its evolutionary norms of net base production inducing low-grade metabolic alkalosis and a high pota...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 12, 2009·Nutrition Journal·Daniel KönigPeter Deibert
Feb 20, 2009·Revista de saúde pública·Flavio SarnoCarlos Augusto Monteiro
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