Aerobic biodegradability of the calcium channel antagonist verapamil and identification of a microbial dead-end transformation product studied by LC-MS/MS

Chemosphere
Christoph TrautweinJörg W Metzger

Abstract

In recent years pharmaceuticals and personal care products have been detected in increasing concentrations in hospital effluents, sewage treatment plants (STP) as well as in different environmental compartments such as surface water, groundwater and soil. Little is known about the elimination of these substances during sewage treatment or about the formation of potential metabolites in the environment caused by bacterial biotransformation. To assess the biodegradability of the popular cardiovascular drug verapamil and the possible formation of potential microbial degradation products, two tests from the OECD series were used in the present study: the widely used Closed Bottle test (OECD 301 D) and the modified Zahn-Wellens test (OECD 302 B). In the Closed Bottle test, a screening test that simulates the conditions of an environmental surface water compartment, no biological degradation was observed for verapamil at concentrations of 2.33mgl(-1). In the Zahn-Wellens test, a test for inherent biodegradability which allows evaluation of aerobic degradation at high bacterial density, only a partial biological degradation was found. Analysis of test samples by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to multiple stage mass spe...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 15, 2011·Analytical Chemistry·Susan D Richardson, Thomas A Ternes
Jan 28, 2012·Environmental Science & Technology·Lubomira KovalovaChrista S McArdell
May 14, 2009·Journal of Environmental Monitoring : JEM·Charles S Wong, Sherri L MacLeod
Nov 8, 2012·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Ana R RibeiroMaria E Tiritan
Jan 17, 2012·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·V BurkinaV Zlabek
Jan 13, 2016·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Gopinath C NallaniDuane B Huggett
Jul 6, 2010·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : CBP·Zhi-Hua LiTomas Randak
Mar 10, 2016·Chemosphere·Syam KrishnaPetr Spatenka
Oct 3, 2013·Chemosphere·Wojciech Mrozik, Justyna Stefańska
Jul 1, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Šárka KlementováPavla Fojtíková

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