Aerosolized rift valley fever virus causes fatal encephalitis in african green monkeys and common marmosets

Journal of Virology
Amy L HartmanD S Reed

Abstract

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a veterinary and human disease in Africa and the Middle East. The causative agent, RVF virus (RVFV), can be naturally transmitted by mosquito, direct contact, or aerosol. We sought to develop a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of severe RVF in humans to better understand the pathogenesis of RVF and to use for evaluation of medical countermeasures. NHP from four different species were exposed to aerosols containing RVFV. Both cynomolgus and rhesus macaques developed mild fevers after inhalation of RVFV, but no other clinical signs were noted and no macaque succumbed to RVFV infection. In contrast, both marmosets and African green monkeys (AGM) proved susceptible to aerosolized RVF virus. Fever onset was earlier with the marmosets and had a biphasic pattern similar to what has been reported in humans. Beginning around day 8 to day 10 postexposure, clinical signs consistent with encephalitis were noted in both AGM and marmosets; animals of both species succumbed between days 9 and 11 postexposure. Marmosets were susceptible to lower doses of RVFV than AGM. Histological examination confirmed viral meningoencephalitis in both species. Hematological analyses indicated a drop in platelet counts in both AGM and m...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 3, 2014·Antiviral Research·Darci R SmithBrian B Gowen
Jan 19, 2016·Frontiers in Microbiology·Amy L CarolineAmy L Hartman
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Jun 6, 2020·Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease·Elysse N Grossi-Soyster, A Desiree LaBeaud
Oct 30, 2020·MSphere·Dominique J BarbeauAnita K McElroy

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