African non human primates infected by SIV - why don't they get sick? Lessons from studies on the early phase of non-pathogenic SIV infection

Current HIV Research
Anne-Sophie LiovatMichaela C Müller-Trutwin

Abstract

African non human primates are natural hosts of SIV. The infection is generally non-pathogenic despite high steady-state levels of plasma viral RNA that in HIV-1 and SIVmac infections are associated with progression towards AIDS. The viral loads in the gut also are as high as in pathogenic HIV-1/SIVmac infections; but replication levels are lower in peripheral lymph nodes of chronically infected African green monkeys. There is a transient loss of CD4(+) T cells in the blood in SIVagm and SIVsm infections and an early dramatic and more persistent decrease in the gut. Although SIV in natural hosts is thus cytopathic, the continuous viral replication is not associated with immunopathology. T CD4(+) cells in blood, lymph nodes and gut manifest no or little increase of cell-death by apoptosis. The lymph node and gut architecture is not disrupted. The most striking difference between non-pathogenic SIV and pathogenic HIV-1/SIVmac infections is the lack of chronic T cell activation. Several studies are currently in progress to determine which factors are involved in the maintenance of the low activation level in the non-pathogenic SIV infections. There are two ways in which this could be achieved: (i) a lack of immune activation induc...Continue Reading

Citations

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