Age and sex differences in object control skills by children ages 5 to 14

Perceptual and Motor Skills
Stephen A ButterfieldCraig A Mason

Abstract

Object control skills provide children the tools to be physically active-a major societal priority. At the fundamental movement level, object control skills form the foundation of further sports skill development. The purpose of this study was to examine children's (ages 5 to 14 years, Grades K-8) development of four key object control skills: catching, throwing, kicking, and striking. 186 children were tested on selected items from the Object Control Subtest of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2, using a cross-sectional and correlational design. As anticipated, significant differences were found for age on all four skills. These improvements were characterized by early, rapid gains at ages 9 to 10, beyond which development occurred at a slower rate for catching, throwing, and kicking; striking development continued at a steady rate to age 14 years. Contrary to previous findings, no overall sex differences were found for catching or kicking. Overall sex differences favoring boys were observed for throwing and striking. Implications for evolutionary contributions to throwing and striking were discussed.

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Citations

Oct 8, 2013·PloS One·Christophe BazileNicolas Benguigui
Feb 14, 2014·PloS One·Ian FlattersMark Mon-Williams
Dec 18, 2013·Research in Developmental Disabilities·Marieke WestendorpChris Visscher
Aug 14, 2015·Perceptual and Motor Skills·J D FoulkesL Foweather
Jul 12, 2014·Research in Developmental Disabilities·Pamela S HaibachLauren J Lieberman
Jan 26, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Joonyoung LeePing Zhu
Jun 3, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Marek RejmanRobert K Stalmann
Jun 19, 2018·Sports·Diarmuid LesterWesley O'Brien
Jun 15, 2019·Journal of Motor Behavior·William P Berg, Michael R Hughes
Dec 31, 2020·Journal of Sports Sciences·Lisa E BolgerFarid Bardid
Feb 13, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Anita E PienaarWilmarié du Plessis
Nov 22, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Anthony SlatonMaureen M Black

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