AGE-RAGE Stress in the Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Hypertension and its Treatment

The International Journal of Angiology : Official Publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc
Kailash Prasad

Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare and fatal disease characterized by elevation of pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mm Hg. There are five groups of PH: (1) pulmonary artery (PA) hypertension (PAH), (2) PH due to heart diseases, (3) PH associated with lung diseases/hypoxia, (4) PH associated with chronic obstruction of PA, and (5) PH due to unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of group 1 have been studied in detail; however, those for groups 2 to 5 are not that well known. PH pathology is characterized by smooth muscle cells (SMC) proliferation, muscularization of peripheral PA, accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), plexiform lesions, thromboembolism, and recanalization of thrombi. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and its receptor (RAGE) and soluble RAGE (sRAGE) appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of PH. AGE and its interaction with RAGE induce vascular hypertrophy through proliferation of vascular SMC, accumulation of ECM, and suppression of apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by interaction of AGE and RAGE modulates SMC proliferation, attenuate apoptosis, and constricts PA. Increased stiffness in the artery due to vascular hypertrophy, and vasoconstriction d...Continue Reading

Citations

May 7, 2020·Inflammation Research : Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et Al.]·Armando RojasMiguel A Morales
Mar 2, 2021·Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplement. Series A, Membrane and Cell Biology·N V Bobkova
Dec 2, 2020·Computers in Biology and Medicine·Pandikannan KrishnamoorthyHimanshu Kumar
Jul 31, 2021·World Journal of Diabetes·Rebeca Viurcos-Sanabria, Galileo Escobedo
Feb 11, 2020·Current Protein & Peptide Science·Afreen KhanamMohd Aslam Yusuf

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