AGE-RAGE Stress, Stressors, and Antistressors in Health and Disease

The International Journal of Angiology : Official Publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc
Kailash Prasad, Manish Mishra

Abstract

Adverse effects of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) on the tissues are through nonreceptor- and receptor-mediated mechanisms. In the receptor-mediated mechanism, interaction of AGEs with its cell-bound receptor of AGE (RAGE) increases generation of oxygen radicals, activates nuclear factor-kappa B, and increases expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting in the cellular damage. The deleterious effects of AGE and AGE-RAGE interaction are coined as "AGE-RAGE stress." The body is equipped with defense mechanisms to counteract the adverse effects of AGE and RAGE through endogenous enzymatic (glyoxalase 1, glyoxalase 2) and AGE receptor-mediated (AGER1, AGER2) degradation of AGE, and through elevation of soluble receptor of AGE (sRAGE). Exogenous defense mechanisms include reduction in consumption of AGE, prevention of AGE formation, and downregulation of RAGE expression. We have coined AGE and RAGE as "stressors" and the defense mechanisms as "anti-stressors." AGE-RAGE stress is defined as a shift in the balance between stressors and antistressors in the favor of stressors. Measurements of stressors or antistressors alone would not assess AGE-RAGE stress. For true assessment of AGE-RAGE stress, the equatio...Continue Reading

Citations

May 5, 2018·Environmental Microbiology·Antoine Danchin
May 16, 2019·The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences·Adam J SantanastoAnne B Newman
Aug 28, 2020·Pediatric Pulmonology·Montserrat Sierra-ColominaAna Serrano-González
Apr 8, 2020·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Anna PerroneFederico Martinelli
Feb 20, 2019·Cells·Valeria CordoneGiuseppe Valacchi
May 13, 2019·Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry·Kailash Prasad
Oct 13, 2020·The International Journal of Angiology : Official Publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc·Kailash Prasad, Kalpana K Bhanumathy
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May 25, 2021·The International Journal of Angiology : Official Publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc·Kailash Prasad
Jul 3, 2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Simona Roxana GeorgescuMircea Tampa
Nov 5, 2019·Neurochemistry International·Alcir Luiz DafrePamela Maher
Dec 5, 2020·Seminars in Cancer Biology·Shahnawaz RehmanMohd Farhan

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