Age-related changes in the distributions of depressive symptom items in the general population: a cross-sectional study using the exponential distribution model

PeerJ
Shinichiro TomitakaYutaka Ono

Abstract

Background. Previous research has reported inconsistent evidence of the trajectory of depressive symptoms across the adult lifespan. We investigated how the distributions of each item score change with age and determined whether the trajectory of depressive symptoms varied with the scoring methods of the questionnaire. Methods. We analyzed data collected from 21,040 subjects who participated in the national survey in Japan. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The CES-D has 20 items, each of which is scored in four grades of "rarely," "some," "much," and "most of the time." We used the exponential distribution model which fits the distributions of 16 negative symptom items of CES-D, with the probabilities of "some," "much," "most," and "rarely" expressed as P, Pr, Pr (2), and 1 - P × (r (2) + r + 1). Results. The distributions of the responses to 16 negative symptom items followed the common exponential model across all age groups. The mean of the estimated parameter r of 16 negative items showed a U-shape pattern, being high during 12-29 years, remaining low during 30-50 years, and then increasing again over 60 years. The trajectory of depressive symptom scores ...Continue Reading

References

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Jun 14, 2013·JAMA Psychiatry·Angelina R SutinAlan B Zonderman

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Citations

Dec 12, 2017·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Shinichiro TomitakaToshiaki A Furukawa
May 24, 2019·Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience·Susanne SchweizerTim Dalgleish

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