Age-related muscle loss and progressive dysfunction in mechanosensitive growth factor signaling

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
G Goldspink

Abstract

Loss of muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) is one of the most marked problems associated with aging because it has major healthcare as well as socioeconomic implications. The growth hormone/IGF-I axis is regarded as an important regulator of muscle mass. However, it is now appreciated that other tissues in addition to the liver express IGF-I. Also, there are local as well as systemic forms of IGF-I that have different functions. We cloned two different IGF-Is that are expressed by skeletal muscle, and both are derived from the IGF-I gene by alternative splicing. One of these is expressed in response to physical activity, which has now been called "mechanogrowth factor" (MGF). The other is similar to the systemic or liver type (IGF-IEa) and is important as the provider of mature IGF-I required for upregulating protein synthesis. MGF differs from systemic IGF-IEa in that it has a different peptide sequence that is responsible for activating muscle satellite (stem) cells. Therefore, it appears these two forms of IGF-I have different actions and that they are important regulators of muscle growth. Growth hormone treatment apparently upregulates the level of IGF-I gene expression, and when it is combined with resistance exercise ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 25, 2007·The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences·Craig J GalbánMark E Ladd
Dec 17, 2009·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Bradley C Nindl, Joseph R Pierce
Dec 2, 2004·Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs·Gordon S Lynch
Feb 11, 2012·Clinics in Liver Disease·Pranav Periyalwar, Srinivasan Dasarathy
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Dec 11, 2007·Protein Expression and Purification·Tatiana V KuznetsovaAlexei B Shevelev
Jun 22, 2007·Neurochemistry International·Dariusz C GóreckiBarbara Zabłocka
Sep 12, 2006·The Medical Clinics of North America·John E MorleyMoon Jong Kim
Feb 14, 2008·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·David Karasik, Douglas P Kiel
Aug 2, 2008·Clinics in Geriatric Medicine·John E Morley
Sep 5, 2006·Ageing Research Reviews·Martin L Adamo, Roger P Farrar
Mar 15, 2015·Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : Official Organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft·Vladimir M AntićVerica Milošević
Jun 22, 2005·Cancer Treatment Reviews·Ignazio CarrecaMartine Extermann
Dec 27, 2005·Experimental Gerontology·Parco M Siu, Stephen E Alway

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