Age-related variation in the oral microbiome of urban Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperii)

BMC Microbiology
Michael J TaylorA Elizabeth Arnold

Abstract

Bird species worldwide are affected by trichomoniasis caused by the protist Trichomonas gallinae. In avivorous raptors such as Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperii), nestlings are more susceptible than fledglings and adults. Previous research suggested a link between oral pH and susceptibility: the oral pH of fledgling and adult hawks is more than seven times more acidic than that of nestlings. We speculated that this age-specific difference in pH would correspond to age-specific differences in the oral microbiota of Cooper's hawks. We examined the oral microbiomes of 31 healthy, wild Cooper's hawks in Tucson, Arizona (USA). Individuals represented three age classes (nestlings, fledglings, and adults). We designed our study with multiple controls, replicated sampling, mock communities, and stringent quality-controls to address challenges that can limit the inferential quality of microbiome data sets. Richness of bacterial communities in oral cavities of Cooper's hawks differed as a function of age but not as a function of sex, sampling date, or sampling location. Bacterial communities in oral cavities of nestlings differed from those of fledglings and adults, whereas communities in fledglings and adults did not differ from each o...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 28, 2021·Animal Microbiome·Bruno C M OliveiraGiovanni Widmer

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
Assay
PCR
amplicon sequencing
Illumina sequencing
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

ANOSIM
USEARCH
PAST
global
FastQC

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