Aggregation of Adenovirus 2 in Source Water and Impacts on Disinfection by Chlorine

Food and Environmental Virology
Amy M KahlerVincent R Hill

Abstract

It is generally accepted that viral particles in source water are likely to be found as aggregates attached to other particles. For this reason, it is important to investigate the disinfection efficacy of chlorine on aggregated viruses. A method to produce adenovirus particle aggregation was developed for this study. Negative stain electron microscopy was used to measure aggregation before and after addition of virus particles to surface water at different pH and specific conductance levels. The impact of aggregation on the efficacy of chlorine disinfection was also examined. Disinfection experiments with human adenovirus 2 (HAdV2) in source water were conducted using 0.2 mg/L free chlorine at 5 °C. Aggregation of HAdV2 in source water (≥3 aggregated particles) remained higher at higher specific conductance and pH levels. However, aggregation was highly variable, with the percentage of particles present in aggregates ranging from 43 to 71 %. Upon addition into source water, the aggregation percentage dropped dramatically. On average, chlorination CT values (chlorine concentration in mg/L × time in min) for 3-log10 inactivation of aggregated HAdV2 were up to three times higher than those for dispersed HAdV2, indicating that aggr...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 10, 2017·Environmental Science & Technology·Charles P Gerba, Walter Q Betancourt
Jan 9, 2020·Food and Environmental Virology·P WaldmanS Wurtzer
Nov 26, 2019·Human Gene Therapy Methods·Manuela GastBoris Mizaikoff
Oct 21, 2018·The Science of the Total Environment·ElMahdy Mohamed ElMahdy IbrahimMohamed Nasr Shaheen
Jun 12, 2018·Environmental Science & Technology·Yinyin YeKrista R Wigginton

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