Agoraphobia with panic attacks. Development, diagnostic stability, and course of illness

Archives of General Psychiatry
A BreierG R Heninger

Abstract

A structured psychiatric interview was used to examine the symptom history of 55 patients meeting DSM-III criteria for agoraphobia with panic attacks and five patients meeting DSM-III criteria for panic disorder. Anticipatory anxiety and generalized anxiety occurred in over 80% of the patients, and these anxiety states together with panic attacks and phobic avoidances had courses that were chronic and unremitting. Major depression occurred in 70% of the patients and had an episodic course that differentiated it from the anxiety states. Other frequently reported disorders were childhood separation disorder (18%), alcoholism (17%), and obsessive compulsive disorder (17%). An initial nonspontaneous first panic attack and separation anxiety was associated with earlier onset and longer duration of agoraphobia and panic disorder. An inaccurate cognitive appraisal of the initial panic attack frequently led to the rapid development of subsequent agoraphobia. Caffeine consumption exacerbated anxiety in 54% of the patients and triggered panic attacks in 17%. Fifty-one percent of female agoraphobics experienced premenstrual exacerbation of anxiety symptoms.

Citations

Jan 1, 1992·The Psychiatric Quarterly·L Taylor, J Gorman
Dec 1, 1989·The Japanese Journal of Psychiatry and Neurology·Y NonakaJ Yamamoto
Feb 1, 1989·Psychological Medicine·M S Bruce, M Lader
Jan 1, 1987·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum·M Humble
Jan 1, 1995·European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience·B BandelowE Rüther
Dec 1, 2000·Depression and Anxiety·J Kaufman, D Charney
Jul 12, 2002·Depression and Anxiety·Toshiya IketaniHidehiro Fukuhara
Jul 18, 2002·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica·Mei-Chun HsiaoT'sang-T'ang Hsieh
Mar 14, 2002·Depression and Anxiety·Renee D GoodwinDaniel S Pine
Jan 28, 2003·European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·Antoni CorominasJulio Vallejo
Mar 11, 2004·Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences·Mei-Chun HsiaoChia-Yih Liu
Dec 23, 2006·European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·Gabriel Rubio, Juan José López-Ibor
Feb 16, 2008·Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics·Hans-Ulrich WittchenAndrew T Gloster
Jan 1, 1998·European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·L Dratcu, A Bond
Feb 10, 2010·Depression and Anxiety·Hans-Ulrich WittchenMichelle G Craske
Aug 3, 2012·Twin Research and Human Genetics : the Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies·Jocilyn E Bergin, Kenneth S Kendler
Jan 1, 1989·European Archives of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences·D F Klein, H M Klein
Jan 1, 1992·The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse·M I Rosen, T Kosten
Jan 1, 1992·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica·J H KrystalD S Charney
May 15, 1992·Postgraduate Medicine·M R WareK L Hall
Jan 1, 1991·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum·R RosenbergN K Rosenberg
Feb 1, 1990·The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science·J Wardle
May 1, 1990·Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie·B D BeitmanM Kushner
Jun 1, 1993·Pharmacology & Toxicology·R Rosenberg
Aug 12, 1999·The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry·V ManicavasagarD Hadzi-Pavlovic
Jun 2, 2001·Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology·A PalatnikJ Benjamin
Oct 1, 2005·Cognitive Behaviour Therapy·Nicholas Maltby, David F Tolin
Aug 19, 2007·CNS Drugs·Giulio PerugiCristina Toni
Dec 9, 2009·International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine·J Frederieke van VeenFrans G Zitman
Oct 2, 2014·Archives of Women's Mental Health·Jennifer N MahonMichael J Zvolensky
Jul 31, 2018·Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova·E A Korabelnikova
Aug 1, 1990·Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie·S BradleyG Hnatko
Oct 1, 1995·The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science·H KatschnigM Roth
Mar 1, 1996·The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science·K A YonkersM B Keller
Jan 1, 1996·European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·B BandelowE Rüther
Jan 1, 1994·European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience·G Scheibe, M Albus
Sep 1, 1993·Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie·J M Chignon, J P Lépine
Mar 1, 1994·Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie·R BowenJ Hawkes
Sep 30, 2005·International Clinical Psychopharmacology·Leonardo F FontenelleMarcio Versiani
Jan 1, 1996·European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·M AgargünM Uçişik

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Anxiety Disorders

Discover the latest research on anxiety disorders including agoraphobia, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder here.