Agrobacterium tumefaciens Enhances Biosynthesis of Two Distinct Auxins in the Formation of Crown Galls

Plant & Cell Physiology
Kiyoshi MashiguchiHiroyuki Kasahara

Abstract

The plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens infects plants and introduces the transferred-DNA (T-DNA) region of the Ti-plasmid into nuclear DNA of host plants to induce the formation of tumors (crown galls). The T-DNA region carries iaaM and iaaH genes for synthesis of the plant hormone auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). It has been demonstrated that the iaaM gene encodes a tryptophan 2-monooxygenase which catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan to indole-3-acetamide (IAM), and the iaaH gene encodes an amidase for subsequent conversion of IAM to IAA. In this article, we demonstrate that A. tumefaciens enhances the production of both IAA and phenylacetic acid (PAA), another auxin which does not show polar transport characteristics, in the formation of crown galls. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy, we found that the endogenous levels of phenylacetamide (PAM) and PAA metabolites, as well as IAM and IAA metabolites, are remarkably increased in crown galls formed on the stem of tomato plants, implying that two distinct auxins are simultaneously synthesized via the IaaM-IaaH pathway. Moreover, we found that the induction of the iaaM gene dramatically elevated the levels of PAM, PAA and its metabolites, along with ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 23, 2020·Plant & Cell Physiology·Shutaro KanekoHiroyuki Kasahara
Nov 22, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Shunsuke WatanabeMitsunori Seo
Dec 9, 2020·Biotechnology Advances·Jonas De SaegerStephen Depuydt
Aug 17, 2021·Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology·Muhammad Junaid YousafIn-Jung Lee
Aug 27, 2021·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Vladimir Gorshkov, Ivan Tsers
Mar 31, 2021·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology·Barbara N Kunkel, Joshua M B Johnson

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