AID/APOBEC-like cytidine deaminases are ancient innate immune mediators in invertebrates

Nature Communications
Mei-Chen LiuSebastian D Fugmann

Abstract

In the course of both innate and adaptive immunity, cytidine deaminases within the activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID)/apolipoprotein B editing complex (APOBEC) family modulate immune responses by mutating specific nucleic acid sequences of hosts and pathogens. The evolutionary emergence of these mediators, however, seems to coincide precisely with the emergence of adaptive immunity in vertebrates. Here, we show a family of genes in species within two divergent invertebrate phyla-the echinoderm Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and the brachiopod Lingula anatina-that encode proteins with similarities in amino acid sequence and enzymatic activities to the vertebrate AID/APOBECs. The expression of these invertebrate factors is enriched in tissues undergoing constant, direct interactions with microbes and can be induced upon pathogen challenge. Our findings suggest that AID/APOBEC proteins, and their function in immunity, emerged far earlier than previously thought. Thus, cytidine deamination is probably an ancient innate immune mechanism that predates the protostome/deuterostome divergence.

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Citations

Aug 22, 2018·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Martin F Flajnik
Aug 9, 2020·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Bartlomiej Swiatczak
Mar 15, 2020·Science Immunology·Ryo MorimotoThomas Boehm
Feb 14, 2021·Biology·Umberto OresteMaria Rosaria Coscia
Jan 29, 2020·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Mengyu ShiChan Ding
Oct 1, 2020·Viruses·Rui WangGuo-Wei Wei
May 30, 2020·Trends in Immunology·Louis Tsakou-NgouafoPierre Pontarotti
Aug 31, 2021·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Michael G TassiaKenneth M Halanych
Oct 16, 2021·The FEBS Journal·Ioannis KarakasiliotisVassilis G Gorgoulis

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
MH106904
KY241384
KY241385
LOC106167175
LOC106156932
MH106891
MH048925

Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNAseq
PCR
deaminase assay
PCRs
X-ray

Software Mentioned

BLASTN
BLAST
BLASTP
tBLASTN
HsAID
SPAIDL2
CLUSTALW
MEGA

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