Airborne Magnetite- and Iron-Rich Pollution Nanoparticles: Potential Neurotoxicants and Environmental Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Disease, Including Alzheimer's Disease

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD
Barbara A Maher

Abstract

Fewer than 5% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases are demonstrably directly inherited, indicating that environmental factors may be important in initiating and/or promoting the disease. Excess iron is toxic to cells; iron overload in the AD brain may aggressively accelerate AD. Magnetite nanoparticles, capable of catalyzing formation of reactive oxygen species, occur in AD plaques and tangles; they are thought to form in situ, from pathological iron dysfunction. A recent study has identified in frontal cortex samples the abundant presence of magnetite nanoparticles consistent with high-temperature formation; identifying therefore their external, not internal source. These magnetite particles range from ∼10 to 150 nm in size, and are often associated with other, non-endogenous metals (including platinum, cadmium, cerium). Some display rounded crystal morphologies and fused surface textures, reflecting cooling and crystallization from an initially heated, iron-bearing source material. Precisely-matching magnetite 'nanospheres' occur abundantly in roadside air pollution, arising from vehicle combustion and, especially, frictional brake-wear. Airborne magnetite pollution particles < ∼200 nm in size can access the brain directly via t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 6, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Tomasz GonetJana Kukutschová
Jan 18, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Barbara A Maher, Tomasz Gonet
Oct 12, 2020·Environmental Research·Barbara A MaherRose Anne Kenny
Apr 30, 2021·Environmental Geochemistry and Health·Wanda Wilczyńska-MichalikMarek Michalik
Nov 2, 2020·Environmental Research·Zahra NoorimotlaghSeyyed Abbas Mirzaee
Jul 10, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology·Qinghua ZhangGuibin Jiang

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