Akabane, Aino and Schmallenberg virus-where do we stand and what do we know about the role of domestic ruminant hosts and Culicoides vectors in virus transmission and overwintering?

Current Opinion in Virology
Nick De Regge

Abstract

Akabane, Aino and Schmallenberg virus belong to the Simbu serogroup of Orthobunyaviruses and depend on Culicoides vectors for their spread between ruminant hosts. Infections of adults are mostly asymptomatic or associated with only mild symptoms, while transplacental crossing of these viruses to the developing fetus can have important teratogenic effects. Research mainly focused on congenital malformations has established a correlation between the developmental stage at which a fetus is infected and the outcome of an Akabane virus infection. Available data suggest that a similar correlation also applies to Schmallenberg virus infections but is not yet entirely conclusive. Experimental and field data furthermore suggest that Akabane virus is more efficient in inducing congenital malformations than Aino and Schmallenberg virus, certainly in cattle. The mechanism by which these Simbu viruses cross-pass yearly periods of very low vector abundance in temperate climate zones remains undefined. Yearly wind-borne reintroductions of infected midges from tropical endemic regions with year-round vector activity have been proposed, just as overwintering in long-lived adult midges. Experimental and field data however indicate that a role of...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 10, 2018·Veterinary World·Fayssal BouchemlaEkaterina Vladimirovna Shvenk
Nov 6, 2018·Veterinary Medicine and Science·Adi BeharJacob Brenner
Nov 30, 2019·BMC Veterinary Research·Scott JonesRachael Tarlinton
Sep 3, 2020·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Di Muro GD'Angelo A
Aug 29, 2018·Viruses·Shannon L M WhitmerDevendra T Mourya
Nov 17, 2019·Viruses·Abaineh D EndalewJuergen A Richt
Aug 29, 2020·Viruses·Bradley J BlitvichBrian D Foy
Nov 6, 2020·Veterinary Medicine International·Mohammed O HussienAbdel Rahim M El Hussein
Apr 2, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Victor Emmanuel Viana GeddesRenato Santana de Aguiar
Jul 22, 2021·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Adi BeharJacob Brenner

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