PMID: 8594215Oct 1, 1995Paper

Alcohol and head injury: an issue revisited

Journal of Neurotrauma
D F Kelly

Abstract

The pathophysiologic changes associated with acute and chronic alcohol exposure in the setting of traumatic brain injury are complex. Experimental data indicate that ethanol intoxication can exacerbate brain injury through several mechanisms including hemodynamic and respiratory depression, blood-brain barrier disruption, and derangements in hemostasis. Alcohol, however, is also a potent inhibitor of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitotoxicity, and thus is neuroprotective. In contrast to the effects of acute intoxication, chronic alcohol exposure appears to result in upregulation of NMDA receptor activity and downregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor function. This imbalance, it is hypothesized, can result in a surge of excitotoxicity following alcohol withdrawal. Trauma-related excitotoxic cell damage may be significantly potentiated by this alcohol-induced receptor imbalance that is unmasked as withdrawal occurs. Clinical and epidemiologic investigations of alcohol and outcome after head injury have not consistently demonstrated a measurable effect from either acute or chronic alcohol use. Multiple factors including the timing of intoxication in relation to time of injury, the degree and chron...Continue Reading

References

Mar 1, 1979·Acta Neurologica Scandinavica·L E Rosengren, L I Persson
Mar 1, 1977·Journal of Neurosurgery·E S FlammJ Ransohoff
Feb 1, 1976·The British Journal of Surgery·S GalbraithR Knill-Jones
Jan 1, 1991·Trends in Pharmacological Sciences·R A Gonzales, P L Hoffman
Apr 26, 1991·Brain Research·C HeurteauxM Thellier
Sep 1, 1991·The Journal of Emergency Medicine·H Gershman, J Steeper
Feb 13, 1990·European Journal of Pharmacology·K A GrantB Tabakoff
Aug 16, 1990·The New England Journal of Medicine·J G Modell, J M Mountz
Jan 1, 1990·Journal of Neurosurgery·R BullockG M Teasdale
Aug 1, 1987·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·A M Allan, R A Harris
Mar 31, 1989·Science·D M LovingerF F Weight
Jul 1, 1989·Brain Injury : [BI]·N BrooksW McKinlay
Jun 1, 1987·Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental·N A PikaarR J Hermus
Mar 1, 1989·American Journal of Public Health·J F KrausP Nourjah
Jan 1, 1987·Acta neurochirurgica·E KumuraA Kohama
Sep 19, 1986·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·P F WallerE A Rodgman
Oct 1, 1986·Critical Care Medicine·M S Albin, L Bunegin
Dec 1, 1986·Life Sciences·H J LittleM J Halsey
Mar 1, 1974·Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology·D W Walker, S F Zornetzer
Mar 1, 1970·Archives of Internal Medicine·R Ryback, J Desforges
Aug 14, 1969·The New England Journal of Medicine·J Lindenbaum, C S Lieber
Aug 1, 1984·The Journal of Trauma·G K LunaM R Oreskovich
Apr 8, 1982·The New England Journal of Medicine·D DeykinL McMahon
Jul 1, 1982·American Journal of Surgery·R E WardW F Blaisdell
Sep 1, 1981·Neurosurgery·R W RimelJ A Jane
Nov 1, 1981·Journal of Neurosurgery·J J van der SandeG J Vielvoye
May 1, 1995·Journal of Neurosurgery·B J Zink, P J Feustel
Jan 1, 1993·Journal of Neurotrauma·B J ZinkP J Feustel
Feb 1, 1993·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·D M Lovinger
Feb 1, 1993·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·L J ChandlerF T Crews

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 1, 2003·Neuropsychological Rehabilitation·Laura A TaylorMichelle A Meade
Sep 6, 2006·Neuropsychological Rehabilitation·Beth L Parry-JonesW Miles Cox
Dec 17, 2009·Journal of Neurotrauma·Renana BaratzChaim G Pick
Feb 21, 2002·Critical Care Nursing Quarterly·D LovasikS Alexander
Mar 14, 2003·The Journal of Trauma·Robert E Anderson, John L D Atkinson
Mar 11, 2010·The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology·Henry J Carson
Nov 12, 2010·The Journal of Trauma·Hazem ShahinClaudia S Robertson
Jan 28, 2006·Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ·O LesieurE Picquenot
Feb 18, 2005·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·B PentlandP A Jones
May 1, 1997·Journal of Neurosurgery·D F KellyD A Hovda
Jul 11, 2014·Journal of Neurotrauma·Rahul RajJari Siironen
Oct 2, 1998·Brain Injury : [BI]·C H Bombardier, C A Thurber
Feb 3, 2000·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·W J DeVitoM Shamgochian
Sep 5, 2008·Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists·Rael T LangeMichael D Franzen
Sep 3, 2016·Neuropsychological Rehabilitation·J L Mathias, A J Osborn
May 3, 2002·European Journal of Neurology : the Official Journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies·P E VosUNKNOWN European Federation of Neurological Societies
Jan 8, 2004·Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America·Jan M ShoenbergerStuart P Swadron
Apr 25, 2000·Journal of Neurotrauma·D F KellyS M Lee
Apr 12, 2003·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Jaroslaw AronowskiJames C Grotta
Sep 13, 2013·Brain Sciences·Benjamin SadrianMariko Saito
Nov 11, 2010·British Journal of Hospital Medicine·Ibrahim Imam
Nov 19, 2002·The Journal of Trauma·Matthew J Fabian, Kenneth G Proctor
Feb 5, 2021·Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation·Josephine VolovetzMichael L Kelly
Jul 28, 2021·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Aleksandr T KarnickDaniel W Capron

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Blood Brain Barrier Chips

The blood brain barrier (BBB) is comprised of endothelial cells that regulate the influx and outflux of plasma concentrations. Lab-on-a-chip devices allow scientists to model diseases and mechanisms such as the passage of therapeutic antibodies across the BBB. Discover the latest research on BBB chips here.

Blood Brain Barrier Regulation in Health & Disease

The blood brain barrier is essential in regulating the movement of molecules and substances in and out of the brain. Disruption to the blood brain barrier and changes in permeability allow pathogens and inflammatory molecules to cross the barrier and may play a part in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Here is the latest research in this field.

Addiction

This feed focuses mechanisms underlying addiction and addictive behaviour including heroin and opium dependence, alcohol intoxication, gambling, and tobacco addiction.

Brain Injury & Trauma

brain injury after impact to the head is due to both immediate mechanical effects and delayed responses of neural tissues.

Blood Brain Barrier

The blood brain barrier is a border that separates blood from cerebrospinal fluid. Discover the latest search on this highly selective semipermeable membrane here.