Alkaline phosphatase: Structure, expression and its function in bone mineralization

Gene
Selvaraj Vimalraj

Abstract

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is highly expressed in the cells of mineralized tissue and plays a critical function in the formation of hard tissue. The existing status of this critical enzyme should be reviewed periodically. ALP increases inorganic phosphate local rates and facilitates mineralization as well as reduces the extracellular pyrophosphate concentration, an inhibitor of mineral formation. Mineralization is the production, inside matrix vesicles, of hydroxyapatite crystals that bud from the outermembrane of hypertrophic osteoblasts and chondrocytes. The expansion of hydroxyapatite formsinto the extracellular matrix and its accumulation between collagen fibrils is observed. Among various isoforms, the tissue-nonspecific isozyme of ALP (TNAP) is strongly expressed in bone, liver and kidney and plays a key function in the calcification of bones. TNAP hydrolyzes pyrophosphate and supplies inorganic phosphate to enhance mineralization. The biochemical substrates of TNAP are believed to be inorganic pyrophosphate and pyridoxal phosphate. These substrates concentrate in TNAP deficient condition which results in hypophosphatasia. The increased level of ALP expression and development in this environment would undoubtedly provide ...Continue Reading

Citations

Dec 12, 2020·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Sara RosendahlPernilla Lundberg
Feb 9, 2021·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Selvaraj VimalrajLakshmi Thangavelu
Oct 23, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Die HuLinglin Zhang
Feb 13, 2021·Frontiers in Genetics·Niambi BrewerEileen M Shore
Dec 30, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Keya GangulyKi-Taek Lim
Apr 27, 2021·Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, Materials for Biology and Medicine·Jiachuan LiuRuiqiang Hang
Jun 10, 2021·International Journal of Biomaterials·Aniek S BudiatinJunaidi Khotib
Jun 8, 2021·Curēus·Miguel Angel Molina GutiérrezPatricia Bote Gascón
Jun 13, 2021·Acta Biochimica Et Biophysica Sinica·Jia FengYufeng Jiang
Aug 28, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Paweł PiszkoKonrad Szustakiewicz
Aug 28, 2021·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Martha HanschkowKathrin Landgraf
Dec 18, 2021·Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials·Chukwuma E Nweke, Jan P Stegemann
Jan 18, 2022·Journal of Periodontal Research·Natsumi SaitoTakanori Iwata

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