All I's on the RADAR: role of ADAR in gene regulation

FEBS Letters
Galina Shevchenko, Kevin V Morris

Abstract

Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing is the most abundant form of RNA modification in mammalian cells, which is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on the double-stranded RNA (ADAR) protein family. A-to-I editing is currently known to be involved in the regulation of the immune system, RNA splicing, protein recoding, microRNA biogenesis, and formation of heterochromatin. Editing occurs within regions of double-stranded RNA, particularly within inverted Alu repeats, and is associated with many diseases including cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic syndromes. However, the significance of RNA editing in a large portion of the transcriptome remains unknown. Here, we review the current knowledge about the prevalence and function of A-to-I editing by the ADAR protein family, focusing on its role in the regulation of gene expression. Furthermore, RNA editing-independent regulation of cellular processes by ADAR and the putative role(s) of this process in gene regulation will be discussed.

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Citations

Sep 11, 2018·FEBS Letters·Mihaela Zavolan, André P Gerber
Feb 23, 2020·Nucleic Acids Research·Xiang Yi KongIngrun Alseth
Aug 16, 2019·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Wei WangQing-Chang Li
Jul 25, 2019·BMC Evolutionary Biology·Umberto RosaniPaola Venier
Dec 29, 2020·Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Emily A ErdmannHeather A Hundley
Dec 20, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Leticia Moreno-GarcíaRosario Osta

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