Allergic inflammation and airway smooth muscle function

The Science of the Total Environment
E CrimiV Brusasco

Abstract

It is widely accepted that airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction plays a key role in asthmatic attacks. Whether abnormalities of contractility or autonomic regulation exist in the asthmatic ASM is still debated. Studies based on isometric contraction failed to show differences in the force-generation capability between asthmatic and normal ASM. Recent studies in vitro have shown that sensitized ASM: (1) shortens more and more rapidly than normal ASM; and (2) develops a myogenic response to stretching. The increased velocity of shortening may compromise in vivo the ability of tidal cycling to reduce airway tone, which would result in an enhanced response to bronchoconstrictor stimuli. The myogenic response may result in a sustained bronchospasm after a deep inhalation, a maneuver that in normal individuals causes bronchodilatation. Although there is no evidence that neural or humoral abnormalities in the autonomic regulation of ASM tone are central to the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, recent data suggest that ASM receptor dysfunction may develop secondary to airway allergic response. It has been shown that exposure of passively sensitized human bronchi to allergens in vitro causes M2- and beta2-receptor dysfunction. Impairm...Continue Reading

References

Oct 1, 1989·The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology·J L BlackP R Johnson
Apr 1, 1997·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·P SongV Brusasco
Jan 28, 1998·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·E CrimiV Brusasco
Jun 6, 1998·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·H Hakonarson, M M Grunstein
Nov 17, 1998·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·P J Barnes
Dec 16, 1998·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·P SongV Brusasco

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