Allosteric modulation of Drp1 mechanoenzyme assembly and mitochondrial fission by the variable domain.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
Stefan Strack, J Thomas Cribbs

Abstract

The mechanoenzyme dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) hydrolyzes GTP to power mitochondrial fission, a process required for organelle biogenesis, quality control, transport, and apoptosis. The pleckstrin homology domain of dynamin is essential for targeting to and severing of lipid tubules, but the function of the corresponding variable domain (VD, or insert B) of Drp1 is unknown. We replaced the VD of Drp1 with a panel of linker sequences of varying length and secondary structure composition and found that the VD is dispensable for mitochondrial recruitment, association with the Drp1-anchoring protein Mff (mitochondrial fission factor), and basal and protonophore-induced mitochondrial fragmentation. Indeed, several ΔVD mutants constitutively localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and fragmented mitochondria more efficiently than wild-type Drp1. Consistent with an autoinhibitory role of the VD, we identified Arg-376 in the Drp1 stalk domain as necessary for Mff interaction, assembly into spirals, and mitochondrial fission. Switching the length of N- and C-terminal α-helical segments in the VD-replacing linker converted Drp1 from constitutively active and OMM-localized to inactive and cytosolic. Other hypoactive ΔVD mu...Continue Reading

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