Alopecia Areata: Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Pathogenesis, and New Treatment Options

International Journal of Trichology
Evan DarwinJoaquin J Jimenez

Abstract

Alopecia areata (AA) is a complex autoimmune condition that causes nonscarring hair loss. It typically presents with sharply demarcated round patches of hair loss and may present at any age. In this article, we review the epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and new treatment options of AA, with a focus on the immunologic mechanism underlying the treatment. While traditional treatment options such as corticosteroids are moderately effective, a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis may lead to the development of new treatments that are more directed and effective against AA. Sources were gathered from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane database using the keywords: alopecia, alopecia areata, hair loss, trichoscopy, treatments, pathogenesis, and epidemiology.

References

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Citations

Sep 4, 2019·Experimental Dermatology·Xingqi Zhang, Kevin J McElwee
Sep 15, 2019·Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·B Polkowska-PruszyńskaD Krasowska
Nov 13, 2019·Dermatologic Therapy·Mohammad Jafferany, Arsh Patel
Sep 11, 2019·Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology·Zeynep Gizem Kaya İslamoğlu, Abdullah Demirbaş
Sep 10, 2020·Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology·Yu-Hsun WeiMu-Hong Chen
Sep 17, 2019·International Journal of Trichology·Renu Kandpal
Apr 2, 2020·Dermatology Research and Practice·Aysha A AlshahraniRayan Alkhodair
Jun 24, 2018·Nutrients·Luis RodrigoJorge Santos-Juanes
Jul 24, 2020·Curēus·Parnia Forouzan, Philip R Cohen
Sep 3, 2020·The British Journal of Dermatology·G KyriakouA Glentis
Nov 1, 2020·International Journal of Dermatology·Ania HenningJoshua Weaver
Jan 7, 2021·Dermatologic Therapy·Maryam NasimiSafoura Shakoei
Feb 26, 2021·Experimental Dermatology·Theresa BenezederPeter Wolf
Jun 21, 2020·Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·Atrin ToussiMaija Kiuru
Jul 3, 2021·Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology·Kerry-Ann L Dillon
Jul 15, 2021·Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine·Mikheil KalandarishviliMichael Kaspari
Aug 28, 2021·Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology·Julio ToralesMohammad Jafferany
Jul 7, 2021·The British Journal of Dermatology·M HarriesA G Messenger
Nov 4, 2021·Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology·Sahar Taha Hatif AldaffaieAli Abd Razzak Muhieldden
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Sep 10, 2020·Skin Appendage Disorders·Marina Barletta, Luciana Gasques
Jan 9, 2022·Dermatologic Therapy·Sarah BentonMaria Hordinsky

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
gene array
biopsies

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