PMID: 9179973May 1, 1997Paper

Alterations of tumor suppressor genes in bladder cancer

Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology
C Cordon-Cardo, V E Reuter

Abstract

The etiopathogenesis of neoplastic diseases is characterized by its multiple nature. Multiple biological and physical agents have been identified as initiating or promoting neoplastic mechanisms. However, they all appear to have common molecular basis, granting genetic instability and causing somatic derangements to preneoplastic and tumor cells. Target genes implicated in cellular transformation and tumor progression have been divided into two categories: proto-oncogenes (that when activated become dominant events characterized by gain of function) and tumor suppressor genes (recessive events characterized by the loss of function). Alteration in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes seem equally prevalent among human cancers. Multiple mutations appear to be required to conform the malignant phenotype. It is, therefore, conceivable to view cancer as fundamentally a genetic disease entailing inherited (also called "germline") or acquired (also termed "somatic") mutations of genes in these two categories. The concept of tumor suppressor genes was established in studies with somatic cell hybrids, revealing that when malignant cells were fused with normal cells some of the hybrids were nontumorigenic. Clinically, the existence...Continue Reading

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