Altered Gut Microbiota Activate and Expand Insulin B15-23-Reactive CD8+ T Cells

Diabetes
James A PearsonF Susan Wong

Abstract

Insulin is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes, targeted by both CD8 and CD4 T cells. We studied an insulin-reactive T-cell receptor (TCR) α-chain transgenic NOD mouse on a TCRCα and proinsulin 2 (PI2)-deficient background, designated as A22Cα-/-PI2-/- NOD mice. These mice develop a low incidence of autoimmune diabetes. To test the role of gut microbiota on diabetes development in this model system, we treated the A22Cα-/-PI2-/- NOD mice with enrofloxacin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic. The treatment led to male mice developing accelerated diabetes. We found that enrofloxacin increased the frequency of the insulin-reactive CD8+ T cells and activated the cells in the Peyer's patches and pancreatic lymph nodes, together with induction of immunological effects on the antigen-presenting cell populations. The composition of gut microbiota differed between the enrofloxacin-treated and untreated mice and also between the enrofloxacin-treated mice that developed diabetes compared with those that remained normoglycemic. Our results provide evidence that the composition of the gut microbiota is important for determining the expansion and activation of insulin-reactive CD8+ T cells.

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Citations

Sep 23, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Lara Labarta-BajoElina I Zúñiga
Feb 2, 2021·Current Osteoporosis Reports·Julie Kristine KnudsenSuzette Sørensen
Jan 24, 2021·Immunology and Cell Biology·Alice E WiedemanSarah Alice Long
Jun 7, 2021·Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity·Laura M Jacobsen, Desmond A Schatz

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