Altered shear stress on endothelial cells leads to remodeling of extracellular matrix and induction of angiogenesis

PloS One
T A RussoJ L Dreyfuss

Abstract

Endothelial cells (ECs) are subjected to physical forces such as shear stress (SS) induced by blood flow that leads to significant changes in morphology, physiology and gene expression. The abnormal mechanical forces applied in the cardiovascular system can influence the development of conditions and diseases such as thrombosis, hypertension and atherosclerosis. This study investigated the expression of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans and extracellular matrix molecules in ECs exposed to normal and altered SS. ECs were exposed to SS of 12 dyn/cm2 (artery physiological condition) and 4 dyn/cm2 (artery pathological condition). Subsequently, ECs were subjected to immunofluorescence, qPCR, GAG biosynthesis analyses and cell-based assays. SS induced changes in ECs morphology. There were other pathological consequences of altered SS, including inhibited adhesion, stimulation of migration and capillary-like tube formation, as well as increases of GAG synthesis. We observed higher expression of syndecan-4, perlecan, decorin, fibronectin and collagen III α1 and growth factors, including VEGF-A and TGFβ-1. ECs exposed to SS displayed extracellular matrix remodeling as well as expression of cell-matrix and cell-cell interaction mo...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 20, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Verônica MorandiJack Lawler
Jul 29, 2021·Current Opinion in Lipidology·Chrysostomi GialeliIsabel Gonçalves

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ELISA
scraping
electrophoresis
Protein Assay
reverse transcription-PCR
PCR
light microscopy
confocal microscopy

Software Mentioned

Prism
GraphPad
FinchTV®
OptiQuant
ImageJ® Analyzer
ImageJ®

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