Altering Effort Costs in Parkinson's Disease with Noninvasive Cortical Stimulation

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
Yousef SalimpourReza Shadmehr

Abstract

In Parkinson's disease (PD), the human brain is capable of producing motor commands, but appears to require greater than normal subjective effort, particularly for the more-affected side. What is the nature of this subjective effort and can it be altered? We used an isometric task in which patients produced a goal force by engaging both arms, but were free to assign any fraction of that force to each arm. The patients preferred their less-affected arm, but only in some directions. This preference was correlated with lateralization of signal-dependent noise: the direction of force for which the brain was less willing to assign effort to an arm was generally the direction for which that arm exhibited greater noise. Therefore, the direction-dependent noise in each arm acted as an implicit cost that discouraged use of that arm. To check for a causal relationship between noise and motor cost, we used bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex, placing the cathode on the more-affected side and the anode on the less-affected side. This stimulation not only reduced the noise on the more-affected arm, it also increased the willingness of the patients to assign force to that arm. In a 3 d double-blind study and...Continue Reading

Citations

May 11, 2016·Brain Stimulation·Yousef SalimpourWilliam S Anderson
Jun 3, 2016·Frontiers in Neurology·Sule TinazMark Hallett
Mar 15, 2018·Journal of Neurophysiology·Erik M SummersideAlaa A Ahmed
Nov 10, 2017·Journal of Neurophysiology·David Córdova BulensPhilippe Lefèvre
Jun 26, 2020·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Jacky GangulyMandar Jog
Jan 19, 2021·Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova·E L PavlovaA B Guekht

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