Alternative oxidase: an inter-kingdom perspective on the function and regulation of this broadly distributed 'cyanide-resistant' terminal oxidase

Functional Plant Biology : FPB
Allison E McDonald

Abstract

Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a terminal quinol oxidase located in the respiratory electron transport chain that catalyses the oxidation of quinol and the reduction of oxygen to water. However, unlike the cytochrome c oxidase respiratory pathway, the AOX pathway moves fewer protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane to generate a proton motive force that can be used to synthesise ATP. The energy passed to AOX is dissipated as heat. This appears to be very wasteful from an energetic perspective and it is likely that AOX fulfils some physiological function(s) that makes up for its apparent energetic shortcomings. An examination of the known taxonomic distribution of AOX and the specific organisms in which AOX has been studied has been used to explore themes pertaining to AOX function and regulation. A comparative approach was used to examine AOX function as it relates to the biochemical function of the enzyme as a quinol oxidase and associated topics, such as enzyme structure, catalysis and transcriptional expression and post-translational regulation. Hypotheses that have been put forward about the physiological function(s) of AOX were explored in light of some recent discoveries made with regard to species that contain AOX. ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 22, 2009·Physiologia Plantarum·Alexandre Oliveira FerreiraBirgit Arnholdt-Schmitt
Jul 6, 2016·Frontiers in Plant Science·Tania NobreBirgit Arnholdt-Schmitt
Mar 27, 2019·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Ryan J Weaver
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Oct 30, 2009·Physiologia Plantarum·António Miguel FredericoBirgit Arnholdt-Schmitt
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Dec 9, 2020·Journal of Computer-aided Molecular Design·Alicia Rosell-HidalgoTaravat Ghafourian

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