Alternative versus classical macrophage activation during experimental African trypanosomosis

International Journal for Parasitology
Patrick De BaetselierAlain Beschin

Abstract

African trypanosomes are extracellular parasites causing sleeping sickness to human or nagana to livestock in sub-Saharan Africa. To gain insight into factors governing resistance/susceptibility to these parasites, the immune responses in mice infected with a Trypanosoma brucei phospholipase C null mutant (PLC(-/-)) or its wild type counterpart (WT) were compared. We found that the T. b. brucei mutant inducing a chronic infection triggers the production of type I cytokines during the early stage of infection, followed by the secretion of type II cytokines in the late/chronic phase of the disease. In contrast, WT-infected mice are killed within 5 weeks and remain locked in a type I cytokine response. The type I/type II cytokine balance may influence the development of different subsets of suppressive macrophages, i.e. classically activated macrophages (type I) versus alternatively activated macrophages (type II) that are antagonistically regulated. Therefore, the phenotype and accessory cell function of macrophages elicited during WT and PLC(-/-) T. b. brucei infections were addressed. Results indicate that classically activated macrophages develop in a type I cytokine environment in the early phase of both WT and PLC(-/-) trypa...Continue Reading

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African Trypanosomiasis

African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is an insect-borne parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei and almost invariably progresses to death unless treated. Discover the latest research on African trypanosomiasis here.