PMID: 9180062Jun 1, 1997Paper

Ambient air concentrations of fine (PM2.5) manganese in U.S. national parks and in California and Canadian cities: the possible impact of adding MMT to unleaded gasoline

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
L Wallace, T Slonecker

Abstract

The October 1995 court decision allowing Ethyl Corporation to offer methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) for sale to refiners for introduction into unleaded gasoline as an octane enhancer is likely to result in increased fine (PM2.5) manganese (Mn) concentrations in ambient air. Concern exists regarding possible health effects. In this paper, recent fine Mn concentrations in three monitoring networks and one U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) study of personal exposure are analyzed. One network consists mainly of rural sites in national parks in the United States, a second consists mainly of urban sites in California, and the third consists mainly of urban sites in Canada where MMT has been used for a number of years. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, mean ambient concentrations ranged from 1 ng/m3 in the mostly rural network to 3 ng/m3 in the mostly urban California network to 12 ng/m3 in the MMT-impacted Canadian network. Several lines of evidence suggested that some of the fine Mn observed in the United States during the 1986-1992 period was contributed by automobiles using leaded gasoline, for which MMT was a registered fuel additive. However, the near-disappearance of leaded gasoline has resulted...Continue Reading

References

Oct 1, 1976·Environmental Health Perspectives·A I Zaichenko, E N Shakleina

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Citations

May 10, 2003·The Science of the Total Environment·Vesna BankovitchJoseph Zayed
Mar 6, 2004·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Sébastien BoltéJoseph Zayed
Jul 1, 2017·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Sarah J NevittAnthony G Marson
Jul 19, 2019·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Sarah J NevittCatrin Tudur Smith
Oct 31, 2000·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·J S LightyA F Sarofim
Jan 21, 2000·American Journal of Industrial Medicine·P ApostoliL Alessio

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