AMH and INSL3 in testicular and extragonadal pathophysiology: what do we know?

Andrology
A SansoneS Schlatt

Abstract

It is commonly accepted that testicular function is prevalently regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: The pulsatile secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus induces pituitary expression of the two gonadotropins FSH and LH, which then stimulate Sertoli and Leydig cells, respectively, therefore regulating steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. However, a growing body of evidence has recently suggested that other hormones act on the reproductive tract since the early phases of fetal development. Anti-Müllerian hormone and INSL3 are still largely used only for research purposes despite being increasingly recognized as markers of Sertoli and Leydig cells function, respectively. Provide an up-to-date review of the role of anti-Müllerian hormone and INSL3 in human pathophysiology according to current evidence. A thorough literature review was performed on PubMed, OVID MEDLINE/EMBASE and Google Scholar for papers concerning anti-Müllerian hormone and INSL3 in human males. INSL3 is not acutely regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis but is constitutively secreted by Leydig cells, therefore representing a valid marker for their number and status. Anti-Müllerian hormone expression, on the other hand, is downregulated by an...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 27, 2020·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Jakob AlbrethsenAnders Juul
Jun 22, 2020·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·Mauro S B Silva, Paolo Giacobini
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Sep 29, 2020·Protein and Peptide Letters·Paolo FacondoAlberto Ferlin
Dec 7, 2021·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Xingyi ZhaoHaolin Chen

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