Amino acid challenge and depletion techniques in human functional neuroimaging studies: an overview

Amino Acids
Caroline Sarah BiskupFlorian Daniel Zepf

Abstract

Imbalances of neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA), are known to play an essential role in many neuropsychiatric disorders. The transient manipulation of such systems through the alteration of their amino acid precursors is a well-known research tool. Among these methods are alterations of tryptophan, the essential amino acid (AA) precursor of 5-HT, as well as manipulations of tyrosine and phenylalanine, the AA precursors of DA, which can be metabolized into norepinephrine and subsequently into epinephrine. These systems can be loaded by applying a large dose of these AAs or depleted by applying an amino acid mixture lacking the respective AAs serving as precursors. Functional neuroimaging has given insights into differential brain activation patterns and functions depending on the tasks performed, pharmacological treatments or specific disorders. Such research has shed light on the function of many brain areas as well as their interactions. The combination of AA challenge approaches with neuroimaging techniques has been subject of numerous studies. Overall, the studies conducted in this particular field of research have shown that AA challenge techniques are valid and effective research too...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 15, 2015·European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology·K HelmboldF D Zepf
Jan 26, 2018·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·E L Gibson
Jan 23, 2018·The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry : the Official Journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry·Caroline S HildebrandtFlorian D Zepf
Dec 19, 2016·Food & Nutrition Research·Maike LindenFlorian Daniel Zepf
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Jun 18, 2021·Clinical Nutrition : Official Journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Anne-Katrin Muth, Soyoung Q Park

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