Amino acid metabolism as drug target in autoimmune diseases.

Autoimmunity Reviews
Giada MondanelliUrsula Grohmann

Abstract

In mammals, amino acid metabolism has evolved to control immune responses. Autoimmune diseases are heterogeneous conditions that involve the breakdown of tolerogenic circuitries and consequent activation of autoreactive immune cells. Therefore, critical enzymes along amino acid degradative pathways may be hijacked to keep in check autoimmunity. We examined here current knowledge of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and arginase 1 (ARG1), the main enzymes catabolizing tryptophan and arginine, respectively, in organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases as well as in the development of autoantibodies to therapeutic proteins. At variance with neoplastic contexts, in which it is known to act as a pure immunosuppressive molecule, ARG1 exhibited a protective or pathogenetic profile, depending on the disease. In contrast, in several autoimmune conditions, the bulk of data indicated that drugs capable of potentiating IDO1 expression and activity may represent valuable therapeutic tools and that IDO1-based immunotherapeutic protocols could be more effective if tailored to the genetic profile of individual patients.

Citations

Jul 30, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Giada MondanelliUrsula Grohmann
Aug 29, 2020·Amino Acids·Weihua XuNing Zhang
Feb 7, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Giada MondanelliUrsula Grohmann
Sep 10, 2020·Biomolecules·Eleonora PanfiliMaria Teresa Pallotta
Nov 8, 2020·EMBO Reports·Alberta IaconoMaria T Pallotta
Jan 15, 2021·MBio·Jorge Domínguez-AndrésMihai G Netea
May 29, 2020·Journal of Proteome Research·Álvaro Fernández-OchoaAntonio Segura-Carretero
Mar 19, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Xin PengShuang Liu
Jun 5, 2021·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Junjie LinChun Cui
May 7, 2021·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Hao LiGeorge C Tsokos
Jun 13, 2021·Autoimmunity Reviews·Marc Scherlinger, George C Tsokos
Jun 20, 2021·The FEBS Journal·Maria Teresa PallottaUrsula Grohmann
Aug 23, 2019·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Micah T NelpJohn T Groves
Oct 5, 2021·Amino Acids·Alptug AtilaZafer Bayraktutan

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an attack by the immune system on the body’s own tissues resulting in damage and dysfunction. There are different types of autoimmune diseases, in which there is a complex and unknown interaction between genetics and the environment. Discover the latest research on autoimmune diseases here.