Ammonia inactivation of Ascaris ova in ecological compost by using urine and ash.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
James W McKinleyÁlvaro Mercado Guzmán

Abstract

Viable ova of Ascaris lumbricoides, an indicator organism for pathogens, are frequently found in feces-derived compost produced from ecological toilets, demonstrating that threshold levels of time, temperature, pH, and moisture content for pathogen inactivation are not routinely met. Previous studies have determined that NH(3) has ovicidal properties for pathogens, including Ascaris ova. This research attempted to achieve Ascaris inactivation via NH(3) under environmental conditions commonly found in ecological toilets and using materials universally available in an ecological sanitation setting, including compost (feces and sawdust), urine, and ash. Compost mixed with stored urine and ash produced the most rapid inactivation, with significant inactivation observed after 2 weeks and with a time to 99% ovum inactivation (T(99)) of 8 weeks. Compost mixed with fresh urine and ash achieved a T(99) of 15 weeks, after a 4-week lag phase. Both matrices had relatively high total-ammonia concentrations and pH values of >9.24 (pK(a) of ammonia). In compost mixed with ash only, and in compost mixed with fresh urine only, inactivation was observed after an 11-week lag phase. These matrices contained NH(3) concentrations of 164 to 173 and 1...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 15, 2013·Water Research·Jørgen FidjelandBjörn Vinnerås
Aug 9, 2016·Waste Management·Louise Hénault-EthierYves Gélinas
Dec 19, 2017·Journal of Environmental and Public Health·Save KumwendaTracy Morse
Sep 28, 2017·Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research·Nicholas A O'ConnorDaryl Stevens

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