Abstract
To use selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) to analyse the molecular species emitted by heated 'street' cannabis plant material, especially targeting ammonia. Samples of 'street' cannabis leaf, held under a UK Home Office licence, were prepared by finely chopping and mixing the material. The samples were then heated in commercially available devices. The air containing the released gaseous compounds was sampled into the SIFT-MS instrument for analysis. Smoke from standard 3% National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) cannabis cigarettes was also analysed. For 'street' cannabis, ammonia was present in the air samples from the devices at levels approaching 200 parts per million (p.p.m.). This is compared with peak levels of 10 p.p.m. using NIDA samples of known provenance and tetrahydrocannabinol content (3%). Several other compounds were present at lower levels, including acetaldehyde, methanol, acetone, acetic acid and uncharacterized terpenes. Awareness of the risks of inhaling the smoke directly from burning cannabis has led to the development of a number of alternative methods of delivery, which are claimed to be safer than direct smoking. Ammonia at toxic levels is produced from heating 'street' cannabis in these...Continue Reading
References
Nov 1, 1991·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·G L HuberO Grubner
Nov 1, 1980·Chest·D P TashkinB J Shapiro
Jan 1, 1996·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·D Smith, P Spanel
Nov 1, 1996·Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing·P Spanĕl, D Smith
Feb 2, 1999·Addiction·W Hall
Feb 24, 2001·Addiction·D R TaylorM R Sears
Apr 12, 2002·Chest·Ana Boto de los BueisEmilio Pujol de la Llave
Mar 15, 2003·The American Journal of Medicine·Janus P OngKevin D Mullen
Sep 15, 2004·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Harold Kalant
Oct 2, 2004·Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health·Britt-Marie SundbladLena Palmberg
Oct 21, 2004·Mass Spectrometry Reviews·David Smith, Patrik Spanel
Nov 25, 2004·Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy·Randall E BarenMark S Zahniser
Citations
Mar 25, 2011·The Analyst·David Smith, Patrik Spaněl
Oct 27, 2009·Inhalation Toxicology·B PomahacovaR Verpoorte
Nov 13, 2015·American Journal of Public Health·Tista GhoshLarry Wolk
Aug 19, 2015·American Journal of Preventive Medicine·Gillian L SchauerTimothy A McAfee
Jul 14, 2011·British Journal of Pharmacology·Ethan B Russo
Jul 22, 2010·Mass Spectrometry Reviews·Patrik Spaněl, David Smith
May 17, 2014·Respirology : Official Journal of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology·Peter GatesJan Copeland
Oct 17, 2015·Addiction·Benedikt FischerMark W Tyndall
Dec 30, 2014·The Analyst·David Smith, Patrik Španěl
May 14, 2014·Substance Abuse : Official Publication of the Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse·John M MalouffJan Copeland
Feb 26, 2016·Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry·N T BrannellyA J Killard
Sep 16, 2016·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Brian F Thomas, Gerald T Pollard
Sep 30, 2016·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Ethan B Russo
Mar 1, 2014·European Journal of Mass Spectrometry·Patrik Spanel, David Smith
Sep 10, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·David L AshleyBenjamin C Blount
Mar 31, 2021·Drug and Alcohol Review·L Cinnamon BidwellHollis C Karoly
Oct 9, 2019·ACS Omega·Jiries Meehan-AtrashRobert M Strongin