Amyloplast Membrane Protein SUBSTANDARD STARCH GRAIN6 Controls Starch Grain Size in Rice Endosperm

Plant Physiology
Ryo MatsushimaWataru Sakamoto

Abstract

Starch is a biologically and commercially important polymer of glucose. Starch is organized into starch grains (SGs) inside amyloplasts. The SG size differs depending on the plant species and is one of the most important factors for industrial applications of starch. There is limited information on genetic factors regulating SG sizes. In this study, we report the rice (Oryza sativa) mutant substandard starch grain6 (ssg6), which develops enlarged SGs in endosperm. Enlarged SGs are observed starting at 3 d after flowering. During endosperm development, a number of smaller SGs appear and coexist with enlarged SGs in the same cells. The ssg6 mutation also affects SG morphologies in pollen. The SSG6 gene was identified by map-based cloning and microarray analysis. SSG6 encodes a protein homologous to aminotransferase. SSG6 differs from other rice homologs in that it has a transmembrane domain. SSG6-green fluorescent protein is localized in the amyloplast membrane surrounding SGs in rice endosperm, pollen, and pericarp. The results of this study suggest that SSG6 is a novel protein that controls SG size. SSG6 will be a useful molecular tool for future starch breeding and applications.

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Citations

Jan 11, 2019·Genes·Gwen Iris Descalsota-EmpleoB P Mallikarjuna Swamy
Nov 20, 2018·Journal of Experimental Botany·David Seung, Alison M Smith
Mar 8, 2019·Scientific Reports·Ryo Matsushima, Hiroshi Hisano
Dec 23, 2017·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·Kaoru TonosakiTetsu Kinoshita
Oct 1, 2020·Plant Direct·Iny Elizebeth MathewPinky Agarwal
Dec 22, 2020·Frontiers in Genetics·Manu KandpalRita Sharma
Mar 8, 2021·Current Opinion in Plant Biology·Jiawen ChenDavid Seung
Mar 12, 2021·Plant Science : an International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology·Rongqi WangJianmin Wan

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