An affordable apparatus for fine-controlled emulation of buzzing frequencies of bees for the testing hypothesis in buzz interactions

Ecology and Evolution
Ernani V RodriguesAry G Silva

Abstract

The buzzing foraging behavior of female bees for pollen harvesting called the attention of early pollination biologists. Flower types that demand this buzzing behavior comprise about 20,000 species of different and phylogenetically unrelated plant taxa, suggesting that it had independently evolved many times among the flowering plants. Between the late 1970s and early 1980s, theoretical papers had modeled the energetics of buzz pollination, but, up to this moment, no hypothesis was experimentally tested concerning the theoretical basis of the energetics of buzz pollination. We present a cost-effective and simple apparatus, including a digital and highly accurate frequency generator, and a device for the transference of buzz-frequency energy to the receptive floral unity. The receptive floral unities may comprise the entire or partial androecium, or the tubular corolla, or, in some cases, the whole flower. This apparatus can be easily used in both laboratory and field conditions of research, as natural air currents are avoided, and the response of pollen liberation can be quantitatively measured by pollen grain counts that can be captured by adhesion in slide poured with an isosmotic lactate-glycerol media. The maximum displacem...Continue Reading

References

Jun 20, 1978·Journal of Theoretical Biology·S L Buchmann, J P Hurley
Jan 1, 1980·Stain Technology·M P Alexander
Nov 23, 2006·Ecology Letters·Andrew C McCall, Rebecca E Irwin
Jun 12, 2013·Current Opinion in Plant Biology·Paul A De Luca, Mario Vallejo-Marín

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