An analysis of the origin of differences between measured and simulated fields produced by a 15-element ultrasound phased array

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
Adam H AitkenheadAdrian J Wilson

Abstract

Modeling provides an attractive approach for the design of phased array ultrasound transducers for hyperthermia. However, measurements on physical transducers reveal differences from the idealized field profiles predicted by simulation. In this paper we report a method of analyzing the origins of these differences. The measured performance of a 15-element sparse phased array is described and compared with simulated fields calculated using the point source method. It highlighted two notable differences: First, that the focal region was located closer to the surface of the physical transducer than in the simulated fields; and second, that numerous intensity maxima were present between the surface of the transducer and the focal zone in the experimental data, but not in the simulated fields. We identified six factors that could potentially affect the field but were not taken into account by the default simulations, and we performed a sensitivity analysis on these: (i) Variation in the amplitude of the output from each element, (ii) the presence of square-wave harmonics in the drive signals, (iii) nonpistonlike vibration of elements, (iv) quantization of the applied phases, (v) errors in the spatial positioning of each element; and...Continue Reading

References

Mar 5, 2004·IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control·Chi-Hung HuangChien-Ching Ma
Dec 13, 2005·International Journal of Hyperthermia : the Official Journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group·Mark W DewhirstDonald Thrall
Jun 24, 2008·Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology·Adam H AitkenheadAdrian J Wilson

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