An engineered oilseed crop produces oil enriched in two very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with potential health-promoting properties

Metabolic Engineering
Dauenpen MeesapyodsukXiao Qiu

Abstract

Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) are well recognized for their health benefits in humans and animals. Here we report that identification and characterization of a gene (EhELO1) encoding the first functional ELO type elongase (3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase) in higher plants that is involved in the biosynthesis of two VLCPUFAs docosadienoic acid (DDA, 22:2n-6) and docosatrienoic acid (DTA, 22:3n-3) that possess potential health-promoting properties. Functional analysis of the gene in yeast indicated that this novel enzyme could elongate a wide range of polyunsaturated fatty acids with 18-22 carbons and effectively catalyze the biosynthesis of DDA and DTA by the sequential elongations of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, respectively. Seed-specific expression of this gene in oilseed crop Brassica carinata showed that the transgenic plants produced the level of DDA and DTA at approximately 30% of the total fatty acids in seeds, and the amount of the two fatty acids remained stable over four generations. The oilseed crop producing a high and sustained level of DDA and DTA provides an opportunity for high value agricultural products for nutritional and medical uses.

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